Being the largest digital market in the world in terms of digital payments, mobile services with the largest number of internet users, China has been working on reinforcing its cybersecurity. In line with President Xi Jinping’s vision of data-driven governance that recognizes in 2020 the data as the fifth “factor of production” along with labor, technology, land, and capital, the year 2021 introduced a number of new regulations on the management of data storage, data transmission, and privacy of personal data.
PDFDr. Albina Muratbekova is a research fellow at the Eurasian Research Institute of Akhmet Yassawi Kazakh Turkish International University. Albina holds a PhD degree in Oriental Studies from Al Farabi Kazakh National University. During her studies, Albina received fellowships from institutions in China, India, the USA, the UK, Germany, and Switzerland. Her primary research interests cover Central, East, and South Asian affairs; intraregional and interregional cooperation of Central Asian states; China-India relations; and Central Asian politics.