In recent years, China’s overseas high-speed rail (HSR) projects have been of great importance for shaping the country’s new diplomatic strategy, namely, railway diplomacy, which has become a new form of Beijing’s foreign policy along with ping-pong diplomacy, panda diplomacy, and energy diplomacy. The high-speed rail projects, which are carried out in China’s neighbors and other foreign countries by means of technical, financial and economic support, reflect both short-term and long-term geo-economic and geo-strategic goals of China.