Since Turkmenistan is an energy-rich Central Asian country with significant hydrocarbon reserves, the oil and gas industry is a key contributor to the country’s economic growth. Nowadays, natural gas, crude oil and oil products make up about 80% of the country’s exports. Therefore, the sustainable capacity development of the oil and gas industry and ensuring sufficient investment flows in energy infrastructure are vital for Turkmenistan’s economic welfare. According to the estimations, the energy potential of Turkmenistan is evaluated at 265 trillion cubic feet of proven gas and 600 million barrels of proven oil reserves. However, the energy potential of the country could be significantly increased in case Turkmenistan deals with developing the Turkmen shelf in the Caspian Sea.