Zhuldyz Kanapiyanova – Page 2

July 25, 2022

China as Russia’s First Alternative Route in Natural Gas Exports

After the European sanctions and the decision to give up Russian natural gas in response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in the past days, Moscow has started to look for alternative markets instead of the European market. Considering that Russia did not cut off gas flow to Europe even during […]

May 12, 2022

Russia-Ukraine Crisis and European Union Energy Concern

After Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the sanctions against the Kremlin, led by Western countries, are increasing day by day. On February 25th 2022, one day after Russian troops attacked Ukraine at the behest of Vladimir Putin, the US, EU, UK and Canada and some of their allies announced a series […]

April 18, 2022

The Effect of Sanctions on Iranian Economy

An agreement on the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) was signed be-tween Iran and P5 + 1 countries (the five permanent members of the UN Security Council: China, France, Russia, USA, UK and Germany) in 2015, in which Tehran’s nuclear activities were regulated and controlled in exchange for the […]

March 1, 2022

Turkey-Russia Energy Cooperation on Natural Gas

Turkey, with the fastest increase in energy demand, has been among the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries in the last 20 years. In this period, Turkey ranks second in the world after China in the increase in electricity and natural gas demand. In this regard, Turkey is approximately […]

February 1, 2022

Turkmenistan-Russia Energy Cooperation in the Context of Natural Gas Trading

In 2003, during the visit of the President of Turkmenistan Saparmurat Niyazov to Moscow, two key agreements were signed, focused on cooperation in the energy sector and interaction in the field of security [Kremlin.ru, 2003]. The priority area of cooperation between the two states has always been the oil and […]

January 28, 2022

Iranian Nuclear Deal Crisis

The “Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action” (JCPOA) agreement signed in 2015 during the period of Barack Obama was repeatedly criticized by Donald Trump, who was elected as the President of the United States of America (USA) in 2017. Stating that the agreement did not cover Iran’s ballistic missile program, Trump, […]

November 22, 2021

Turkmenistan-Iran Energy Cooperation in the Context of Natural Gas Pipelines

Diplomatic relations between Turkmenistan and Iran started with Turkmenistan’s independence in 1991 and Iran was one of the first countries who recognized the sovereignty of Turkmenistan. From this date on, an intense relationship has started to be established between the two countries in the fields of energy, infrastructure and economy. […]

October 26, 2021

Bringing Turkmen Gas to the European Market: Trans-Caspian Gas Pipeline

According to the British Petroleum (BP) Statistical Review, Turkmenistan is the world’s fourth-largest natural gas giant with proven natural gas reserves of 19.5 trillion cubic meters, after Russia (38 trillion cubic meters), Iran (32 trillion cubic meters) and Qatar (24.7 trillion cubic meters). Thus, Turkmenistan ac-counts for 9.8% of the […]

October 22, 2021

Energy Policies of Turkmenistan: Importance and Perspectives of TAPI Natural Gas Pipeline

According to the BP Statistical Review, Turkmenistan is the world’s fourth-largest natural gas giant with proven natural gas reserves of 19.5 trillion cubic meters, after Russia (38 trillion cubic meters), Iran (32 trillion cubic meters) and Qatar (24.7 trillion cubic meters). Thus, Turkmenistan accounts for 9.8% of the world’s proven […]

July 8, 2021

International Nuclear Politics: Why Do Countries Want To Have Nuclear Weapons?

Any weapon that creates an explosion as a result of the release of energy by a chemical reaction of atomic nuclei through fission, fusion, or the mixing of both is generally called a nuclear weapon. The first use of nuclear weapons in international relations was realized by the United States […]