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Turkey-Russia Energy Cooperation on Natural Gas
Turkey, with the fastest increase in energy demand, has been among the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries in the last 20 years. In this period, Turkey ranks second in the world after China in the increase in electricity and natural gas demand. In this regard, Turkey is approximately […]
March 1, 2022
Revival of the Collective Security Treaty Organization
The January 2022 events in Kazakhstan boosted the popularity of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), which for the first time in its history entered its peacekeeping mission into effect. Against the backdrop of the newfound significance, the paper scrutinizes the institutional build-up of the CSTO. In May 1992, the […]
Emigrant Moldova and the Changing Concept of Migration
One of the biggest challenges that Moldova has been facing over the last several years is the decline of the population. The latest reliable data on the population of Moldova corresponds to January 2021, according to which the resident population of Moldova was 2,597,107 people. This is 1.8% less than […]
February 28, 2022
Global Citizens Attraction Factors
Countries can be compared based on thousands of criteria, and different results can be achieved each time. In the end, any comparison is just an issue of metrics and their relative weights. Regarding such assessments, one criterion lies relatively on the surface, and it can help develop a rough understanding […]
Old Europe, New Europe and the Associated Trio
In some literature and discussion, one can see Europe divided into “Old Europe” and “New Europe”. It is believed that the distinction between the two Europes was first made in a public speech by then U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld in January 2003 [Defense.gov, 2003] to make a distinction […]
Economic Cooperation between Central Asia and China
Central Asia is one of the most important regions for China in terms of economics, politics, and security. China’s role in the region is permanently increasing. It remains a key trade partner for all Central Asian countries. Moreover, China provides the region with substantial investments, primarily in the energy sector. […]
Tags: Central Asia, China, Economy
Border Clashes in Afghanistan since the Taliban Takeover
The first five months since the withdrawal of US troops and the forces of its NATO allies and operational partners, which led to a hasty Taliban takeover of Afghanistan, have been marked with recurrent border disputes and armed clashes, the most recent incident of which became the shootings at the […]
Tags: Afghanistan, Politics, Security
Recent Changes in Foreign Trade of Russia
The foreign trade of Russia demonstrates significant changes. It is well known that Russia remains an important supplier of crude oil and natural gas on the global market. However, recently the country started to demonstrate changes in its trade patterns. The country is actively developing its manufacturing and agricultural sectors […]
Tags: Foreign Policy, Russia
February 25, 2022
Science in Kazakhstan: Current Situation and New Developments
When we look at the latest scientific and technological developments in the world, we can see that science covers almost all areas of our lives. In recent years, many changes and innovations have been implemented in Kazakhstan in terms of scientific developments. As it is known, many scientific project announcements […]
Tags: Education, Kazakhstan
February 21, 2022
Shanghai Cooperation Organization: History and Role in Regional Security
Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is an international organization that was established in 1996 with the members of China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan. From its first meeting of the leaders of five countries in 1996 during 20 years it has become an international organization. Russian and Chinese are the two […]
Tags: International Relations, Security
February 7, 2022
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